Definition:

Narcotics is a vast terminology used to describe certain types of psychological and neurological effectors, usually used in medical terminology as a group of different drugs causing some neurological and psychological effects. As there are many types, so the definition of narcotics is also diverse. According to medical point of view, are the drugs which –

1. When used in controlled amounts dulls the sensations, induces sleep but when used in uncontrolled excessive amount cause stupor, convulsions, or coma.
2. Causes psychoactive effects.
3. Addictive type narcotics make a person addictive of that narcotic.

 

While from a general point of view –

These are the things which sooth, relieve and nullify pain. These are also known as painkillers, drugs for pain, analgesics.

 

Classification :

It has already been discussed that the narcotics are of many different types. This is because of the diverse nature. But still there is a classification available for the better study of the narcotics. According to this classification, the following types –

1. Opioids and opioid like substances used to cause anesthesia and relieve pain in post-surgical and in last stages of the cancer. Some examples of this class are codeine, tramadol, morphine, heroin etc. Codeine, morphine, and tramadol are use for the relieve from the severe pain. Some other examples – oxycodone, hydromorphone, propoxyphene, and hydrocodone.

2. Hallucinogens are the pain killers but their therapeutic effects are lowered by the side effects like hallucinations, paranoia, delusions and flash blacks etc. This class of drugs includes PCP and similar agents.

3. Cannabinoids – It has many severe abuses and is potential risk of addiction is also very high. The abuse of this class of narcotics is usually for the purpose of recreation, that’s why this class of narcotics is not recommended as pain killer in medical practice. If the abuse of this class of narcotics continues, it can result in defect in coordination, intellect and memory.

4. Stimulants include methylphenidate, methamphetamine, dextroamphetamine, amphetamine etc.